Leather is used for so many different purposes that people tend not to give a thought as to what the different terms applied to leather mean. Few of us get past the words leather or suede. However, the different grades of leather are important as regards durability as well as appearance. Knowing exactly what grade of leather is being used for your upholstery or garments will help you make a more informed decision when purchasing leather products.

The best grade of leather is Full Grain Leather. This leather has only had the epidermis (top layer of skin) and the hair removed. Full Grain Leather has not been sanded or reduced in any other way, and this makes this leather very durable and strong. Although any slight imperfections will remain on Full Grain Leather, it will last for years. Full Grain Leather is used to make better shoes and as upholstery material for fine furniture. This leather will eventually crack somewhat, but will also develop a soft patina, adding to its beauty. Full Grain Leather comes from the upper part of the hide.

Although Top Grain Leather might sound as if it’s the best, it actually is in a grade below Full Grain Leather. This leather has been processed after tanning by being sanded. The surface is then finished in a way that has a less natural feel to it than that of Full Grain Leather. Top Grain Leather will not develop a patina. While Top Grain Leather is not as good as Full Grain, it is less expensive, which will lower the cost of any product made from it, making it a good choice for many people.

Sometimes, it is desirous to add a different surface to the leather. Usually, the hides used for Corrected Grain Leather are inferior hides with something to conceal. Old injuries and damage caused by ticks and other parasites can be covered up by this process. The hide will first be sanded then a thick dye will be applied to it. A pattern can then be imprinted on the leather to give it an artificial grain pattern. Products made from Corrected Grain Leather will be cheaper, but have a less natural feel to them.

Split Leather results from the separation of Top Grain Leather from the rawhide. Split Leather is usually used to make suede. During the splitting process, the leather can be made into different thicknesses. The thinner suedes are used to make garments such as shirts, skirts, and gloves. Thicker suedes will be made into coats and jackets and handbags.